Wear-and-tear of physiological function

Wear-and-tear of physiological function

With advanced age, it comes with the wear-and-tear of physiological function, which can be challenging to distinguish age-related versus pathological-related changes. In the older adult population, one of the largest barriers is the lack of access to primary health care providers, and that’s how this group of clients usually suffer delayed diagnoses and worsen symptoms. Without proper education and guidance, the elderly often neglect the symptoms of cardiovascular disease as normal aging signs. The assessment questions and necessary considerations that nurses should be aware of are to assess the risk factors, lifestyle, and hereditary aspects of cardiovascular disease.

• “Do you have any medical history?”
• “Does anyone in your family have a history of cardiovascular disease?”
• “Do you ever experience palpitation?”
• “Have you ever experienced chest pain or tightness?”
• “Do you ever have shortness of breath?”
• “Do you have any pain in the upper back or shoulders?”
• “Do your feet or ankles ever get swollen?”
• “Do you get tired easily or find that you need more rest than usually needed?”
• “Do you smoke? If so, how often and how long have you been smoking?”
• “Do you drink? If how often?”
• “How often do you exercise weekly?”
• “How often do you fall by accident?”

It is important to thoroughly assess the client’s risk factors in developing cardiovascular disease to prevent any further morbidity and mortality. According to Miller, there are two types of risk factors: modified and unmodified factors. With unmodified risk factors such as age, gender, race, heredity, and socioeconomic status, there are no interventions to avoid the development of disease. On the other hand, modified factors such as stress, weight, metabolic syndrome, smoking, drinking, inadequate diet, physical inactivity, etc can be prevented by better knowledge of the disease, smoking cessation or avoiding passive smoking, healthy dietary pattern, weight control, blood pressure control, coping mechanism with stress, and keep physically active. It is also necessary to provide them with available government resources in order to manage their health and improve life quality.

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