PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION), biology

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION), biology

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION)

What are the benefits of the redundancy in the genetic code?

Describe the role of complimentary base pairing in protein synthesis.
Be able to describe the Central Dogma of Biology and its relevance in understanding
Be able to answer the 5 W’s (who, what, where, when, why) of replication, transcription, and translation.

REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS

Using the lac operon in prokaryotes as an example, describe how a cell can regulate
How does the lac operon work when lactose is absent? present?
How can a eukaryotic cell selectively express, or not express, a gene?
Why is gene regulation (i.e. selective expression of genes) generally important to cells?
What is a gene mutation?

Distinguish between base substitution mutations and insertion/deletion mutations.
How serious are the consequences of each of these types of mutations to the affected protein? To the cell/organism?
Why are changes in the 3rd position less serious than changes in the 1st or 2nd positions?
What are the two main causes of mutation in cells?
How can a mutation in DNA lead to a genetic disease?
Are all mutations heritable? Explain why or why not.

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