Biology Chapter Questions
QUESTION 1Atmospheric chemists think that Earth’s first atmosphereA.contained no oxygen atoms.B.was very similar to today’s atmosphere.C.consisted of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide.D.contained nitrogen in the form of ammonia and nitrogen gas.E.consisted of carbon in the form of carbon monoxide.5 pointsQUESTION 2Paleontologists have found fossils dating back 3.6 billion years. These closely resembleA.fungi.B.today’s simplest plants.C.small invertebrate animals.D.blue-green algae present today.E.nothing alive today.5 pointsQUESTION 3Kelps are a form of what group of protists?A.dinoflagellatesB.slime moldsC.ciliatesD.water moldsE.brown algae5 pointsQUESTION 4Some bacteria can form resting structures called ___________ that can withstand extremes in temperature, moisture, and radiation.A.prionsB.capsidsC.viroidsD.endosporesE.symbionts5 pointsQUESTION 5Oxygen built up in the atmosphere approximately 2 billion years ago andA.could not have occurred without the oxygen coming from outer space.B.helped to form the ozone layer that is so important to life today.C.destroyed ozone forming more oxygen.D.occurred because aerobic organisms required the oxygen.E.occurred due to carbon dioxide being split by lightning strikes.5 pointsQUESTION 6Of the following, which kingdom contains the most diversity in terms of DNA sequences?A.AnimaliaB.All of these are approximately equivalently diverse.C.FungiD.PlantaeE.Protista5 pointsQUESTION 7All but one of the following are false regarding protists. Identify the true statement.A.Protists are prokaryotic.B.Protists do not have the ability to move on their own.C.All protists are single-celled organisms.D.Most protists are single-celled organisms; some are multicellular.E.Protists have cell walls composed mainly of peptidoglycans.5 pointsQUESTION 8During which geological era did Pangea break apart?A.PaleozoicB.ArcheanC.CenozoicD.ProterozoicE.Mesozoic5 pointsQUESTION 9Eukaryotic cells are thought to haveA.evolved before prokaryotic cells.B.first appeared as parts of multicellular organisms.C.first appeared with tough cell walls.D.developed when mitochondria grew much larger in size that they had been previously.E.appeared about 2.1 billion years ago.5 pointsQUESTION 10When taxonomists classify organisms using a phylogenetic approach, they are most concerned withA.ancestral traits.B.ingroups.C.derived traits.D.outgroups.E.cladists.5 pointsQUESTION 11What term is used to indicate a characteristic that is shared and inherited from a common ancestor?A.derived traitB.homologous traitC.outgroupsD.cladistic traitE.analogous trait5 pointsQUESTION 12The endosymbiont hypothesis suggests that the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells are descended from capturedA.aerobic bacteria.B.eukaryotic algae.C.archaebacteria.D.chemoautotrophic bacteria.E.cyanobacteria.5 pointsQUESTION 13Prions are composed ofA.DNA and protein.B.DNA, RNA, and protein.C.DNA.D.RNA.E.protein.5 pointsQUESTION 14Most bacteria areA.photoautotrophs.B.microbial predators.C.symbionts.D.chemoautotrophs.E.heterotrophs.5 pointsQUESTION 15The Cambrian Explosion provided a wealth of fossil remains for scientists to uncover. Many of the animals from this time period had tough skins or shells. This wouldA.protect the animal from predators.B.make these animals more desirable to predators.C.be a disadvantage for these organisms and lead to their death and fossil formation.D.allow the animals to move into different environments easily.E.protect the animal from osmotic pressure.5 pointsQUESTION 16Rickettsias belong to which major group of bacteria?A.proteobacteriaB.cyanobacteriaC.ArchaeaD.spirochetesE.viruses5 pointsQUESTION 17Which form of bacterial cells is rod shaped?A.vibriosB.bacilliC.spirillaD.rhodiusE.cocci5 pointsQUESTION 18What is the main difference between protists and bacteria?A.Bacteria have DNA, protists do not.B.Bacteria are always gram-negative, protists are gram-positiveC.Protists cannot cause infections, bacteria canD.Protists are unicellular, bacteria are multicellular.E.Protists have a nucleus, bacteria do not5 pointsQUESTION 19In bacteria, the cell wall is composed mainly ofA.glycoproteins.B.peptidoglycans.C.various polysaccharides.D.lipids.E.proteins.5 pointsQUESTION 20Endospores formA.as a means of genetic recombination.B.during binary fission.C.when the environmental conditions are favorable.D.in response to adverse conditions.E.to produce two offspring from every one parental cell.
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