Epidemiology and etiology of cancer.
Epidemiology and etiology of cancer.
Learning Objective #1: Identify the epidemiology and etiology of cancer.
a. What are the top three cancers in men and women?
b. Compare the characteristics of malignant and benign cancer cells.
c. What are the broad categories of cancer-causing agents? Identify examples of each.
Learning Objective #2: Describe the health promotion, diagnosis, and spread of cancer.
a. Define primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
b. What are primary prevention recommendations for nutrition and physical activity?
c. What are the cancer screening recommendations for breast, colon, and lung cancer?
d. How is the TNM staging and grading system interpreted?
e. What is metastasis and how does it primarily occur?
Learning Objective #3: Describe the management of patients undergoing of surgery for cancer treatment.
a. What are the types of surgeries in cancer treatment and the goal of each?
b. What are the post-operative concerns, regardless of type?
Learning Objective #4: Describe the management of patients undergoing radiation.
a. What is the difference between external and internal radiation?
b. When do localized, early systemic, and late/chronic systemic effects occur and usually resolve?
c. What are common systemic effects (early and late/chronic) of radiation therapy?
d. What are the most common localized effects, depending on the area of radiation?
e. How do healthcare workers and caregivers protect themselves from the effects of internal radiation therapy?
Learning Objective #5: Describe the management of patients undergoing of chemotherapy.
c. What are the routes of chemotherapy administration and most common side effects?
d. What are the precautions a healthcare worker should take when caring for a patient receiving chemotherapy?
e. Describe the prevention, signs/symptoms, and interventions for chemotherapy extravasation.
f. Describe the types, timing, desensitization procedures, and priority intervention for hypersensitivity reactions.
Learning Objective #6: Identify assessment and nursing management of patients with cancer and with oncologic emergencies.
a. What are the nursing interventions and rationales for patients with the following nursing diagnoses:
i. Risk for infection r/t myelosuppression
ii. Risk for impaired skin integrity: erythematous and wet desquamation reactions to radiation therapy
iii. Impaired oral mucous membrane r/t stomatitis
iv. Imbalanced nutrition r/t nausea and vomiting
v. Imbalanced nutrition r/t anorexia or malabsorption
vi. Risk for bleeding
b. Explain the patho/causes, signs/symptoms, and interventions for hypercalcemia, tumor lysis syndrome, and superior vena cava syndrome.
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